Menene tashar tushe
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, labarai irin wannan suna bayyana akai-akai:
Masu gidaje sun yi adawa da gina tashoshin tushe kuma sun yanke kebul na gani a sirri, kuma manyan masu aiki uku sun yi aiki tare don rushe dukkan tashoshin tushe a wurin shakatawa.
Ko da ga talakawan gari, a yau, lokacin da Intanet ta wayar hannu ta shiga dukkan fannoni na rayuwa, za su sami fahimta ta asali: ana fitar da siginar wayar hannu ta tashoshin tushe. To yaya tashar tushe take?
Cikakken tsarin tashar tushe ya ƙunshi tsarin BBU, RRU da tsarin ciyar da eriya (antena).
Daga cikinsu, BBU (Base band Unite, baseband processing unit) ita ce mafi girman kayan aiki a tashar tushe. Galibi ana sanya ta a cikin ɗakin kwamfuta mai ɓoye kuma mazauna gari ba za su iya ganin ta ba. BBU tana da alhakin sarrafa siginar da bayanai na cibiyar sadarwa ta asali da masu amfani. An aiwatar da mafi rikitarwar yarjejeniyoyi da algorithms a cikin sadarwar wayar hannu a cikin BBU. Har ma ana iya cewa tashar tushe ita ce BBU.
Daga mahangar bayyanar, BBU yayi kama da babban akwatin kwamfutar tebur, amma a zahiri, BBU yayi kama da sabar da aka keɓe (maimakon uwar garken kwamfuta na gabaɗaya). Manyan ayyukansa ana aiwatar da su ta nau'ikan guda biyu. Babban allon sarrafawa da allon baseband suna aiwatar da allunan maɓalli.
Hoton da ke sama firam ɗin BBU ne. Ana iya gani a sarari cewa akwai ramuka 8 masu kama da aljihu a cikin firam ɗin BBU, kuma ana iya saka babban allon sarrafawa da allon baseband a cikin waɗannan ramukan, da kuma firam ɗin BBU Ana buƙatar saka manyan allunan sarrafawa da allunan baseband da yawa, galibi ya danganta da buƙatun ƙarfin tashar tushe da za a buɗe. Da zarar an saka allunan, haka nan ƙarfin tashar tushe yake, kuma ana iya yin hidima ga masu amfani da yawa a lokaci guda.
Babban allon sarrafawa yana da alhakin sarrafa siginar (RRC siginar) daga cibiyar sadarwa ta asali da wayar hannu ta mai amfani, yana da alhakin haɗawa da sadarwa da cibiyar sadarwa ta asali, kuma yana da alhakin karɓar bayanan daidaitawar GPS da bayanan sanyawa.
An fara sanya RRU (Na'urar Rediyo Mai Nesa) a cikin firam ɗin BBU. A da ana kiranta da RFU (Na'urar Mitar Rediyo). Ana amfani da ita don canza siginar baseband da aka watsa daga allon baseband ta hanyar fiber na gani zuwa band ɗin mita mallakar mai aiki. Ana aika siginar mai yawan mita zuwa eriya ta hanyar mai ciyarwa. Daga baya, saboda asarar watsawar mai ciyarwa ta yi yawa, idan an saka RFU a cikin firam ɗin BBU kuma an sanya shi a ɗakin injin, kuma eriya ta rataye a kan hasumiya mai nisa, nisan watsawar mai ciyarwa ya yi nisa kuma asarar ta yi yawa, don haka kawai cire RFU. Yi amfani da fiber na gani (rashin watsawar fiber na gani ƙarami ne) don rataye a kan hasumiya tare da eriya, don haka ya zama RRU, wanda shine na'urar rediyo mai nisa.
A ƙarshe, eriyar da kowa ke gani a tituna da lunguna na birnin ita ce eriyar da ke aika siginar mara waya. Da yawan na'urorin watsa bayanai masu zaman kansu da aka gina a ciki na eriyar LTE ko 5G, yawan kwararar bayanai da za a iya aikawa a lokaci guda, kuma yawan saurin watsa bayanai ya fi girma.
Ga eriya ta 4G, har zuwa na'urori masu karɓar bayanai guda 8 masu zaman kansu za a iya samu, don haka akwai hanyoyin sadarwa guda 8 tsakanin RRU da eriya. Ana iya ganin hanyoyin sadarwa guda 8 a ƙarƙashin RRU mai tashoshi 8 a cikin hoton da ke sama, yayin da hoton da ke ƙasa ya nuna Eriya ce mai tashoshi 8 tare da hanyoyin sadarwa guda 8.
Ana buƙatar haɗa hanyoyin haɗin guda 8 da ke kan RRU zuwa hanyoyin haɗin guda 8 da ke kan eriya ta hanyar ciyarwa guda 8, don haka sau da yawa ana iya ganin tuft na wayoyi baƙi a kan sandar eriya.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-01-2021