Menene bambanci tsakanin tsarin tashar tushe ta 5G da 4G
1. An haɗa RRU da eriya (an riga an fara amfani da su)
5G tana amfani da fasahar MIMO mai girma (duba Darasin Ilimi na 5G ga Mutane Masu Aiki (6)-MIMO mai girma: Babban Kisan Darasin Ilimi na 5G da 5G ga Mutane Masu Aiki (8)-NSA ko SA? Wannan tambaya ce da ta kamata a yi tunani a kai), eriyar da aka yi amfani da ita tana da na'urorin watsa bayanai masu zaman kansu har zuwa 64.
Tunda babu wata hanyar da za a saka na'urorin ciyarwa guda 64 a ƙarƙashin eriya a rataye a kan sandar, masana'antun kayan aiki na 5G sun haɗa RRU da eriya zuwa na'ura ɗaya - AAU (Active Antenna Unit).
Kamar yadda kuka gani daga sunan, A na farko a cikin AAU yana nufin RRU (RRU yana aiki kuma yana buƙatar wutar lantarki don aiki, yayin da eriya ba ta aiki kuma ana iya amfani da ita ba tare da wutar lantarki ba), kuma na biyu AU yana nufin eriya.
Bayyanar AAU tana kama da eriya ta gargajiya. Tsakiyar hoton da ke sama shine 5G AAU, hagu da dama kuma eriya ta gargajiya ta 4G ne. Amma, idan ka wargaza AAU:
Za ka iya ganin na'urorin transceiver masu zaman kansu cike suke da cunkoso a ciki, ba shakka, jimillar adadin shine 64.
An inganta fasahar watsa fiber optical tsakanin BBU da RRU (AAU) (an riga an fara aiwatar da ita)
A cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na 4G, BBU da RRU suna buƙatar amfani da fiber na gani don haɗawa, kuma ma'aunin watsa siginar mitar rediyo a cikin fiber na gani ana kiransa CPRI (Common Public Radio Interface).
CPRI tana aika bayanan mai amfani tsakanin BBU da RRU a cikin 4G kuma babu wani laifi a ciki. Duk da haka, a cikin 5G, saboda amfani da fasahohi kamar Massive MIMO, ƙarfin ƙwayar 5G guda ɗaya zai iya kaiwa fiye da sau 10 na 4G, wanda yayi daidai da BBU da AAU. Yawan bayanai na watsawa tsakanin watsawa dole ne ya kai fiye da sau 10 na 4G.
Idan kun ci gaba da amfani da fasahar CPRI ta gargajiya, girman zare da na'urar gani zai ƙaru da sau N, kuma farashin zare da na'urar gani zai ƙaru sau da yawa. Saboda haka, domin rage farashi, masu sayar da kayan sadarwa sun haɓaka yarjejeniyar CPRI zuwa eCPRI. Wannan haɓakawa abu ne mai sauƙi. A zahiri, ana canja wurin na'urar watsawa ta CPRI daga ainihin matakin jiki da mitar rediyo zuwa matakin jiki, kuma an raba matakin jiki na gargajiya zuwa babban matakin jiki da ƙaramin matakin jiki.
3. Raba BBU: rabuwar CU da DU (ba zai yiwu ba na ɗan lokaci)
A zamanin 4G, tashar tushe ta BBU tana da ayyukan jirgin ƙasa na sarrafawa (galibi akan babban allon sarrafawa) da ayyukan jirgin ƙasa na masu amfani (babban allon sarrafawa da allon baseband). Akwai matsala:
Kowace tashar tushe tana sarrafa nata watsa bayanai kuma tana aiwatar da nata algorithms. Babu haɗin kai a tsakaninsu. Idan za a iya cire aikin sarrafawa, wato aikin kwakwalwa, za a iya sarrafa tashoshin tushe da yawa a lokaci guda don cimma daidaiton watsawa da tsangwama. Haɗin gwiwa, shin ingancin watsa bayanai zai fi girma?
A cikin hanyar sadarwa ta 5G, muna son cimma burin da ke sama ta hanyar raba BBU, kuma aikin sarrafawa na tsakiya shine CU (Ƙungiya Mai Tsaka-tsaki), kuma tashar tushe tare da aikin sarrafawa da aka raba an bar ta ne kawai don sarrafa bayanai da watsawa. Aikin ya zama DU (Ƙungiya Mai Rarraba), don haka tsarin tashar tushe ta 5G ya zama:
A ƙarƙashin tsarin da aka raba CU da DU, an kuma daidaita hanyar sadarwa ta watsawa daidai gwargwado. An motsa ɓangaren fronthaul tsakanin DU da AAU, kuma an ƙara hanyar sadarwa ta midhaul tsakanin CU da DU.
Duk da haka, manufar ta cika sosai, kuma gaskiyar magana ba ta da yawa. Rabawar CU da DU ta ƙunshi abubuwa kamar tallafin sarkar masana'antu, sake gina ɗakin kwamfuta, siyan masu aiki, da sauransu. Ba za a iya cimma ta na ɗan lokaci ba. 5G BBU na yanzu har yanzu haka yake, kuma ba shi da alaƙa da 4G BBU.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-01-2021